Thatcher och Tyskland

Idag är det många brittiska politiker som tycker att Margaret Thatcher hade helt rätt när hon i början kraftfullt motsatte sig tanken på en tysk återförening för 26 år sedan. Här ett klipp från Der Spiegel 2009:

Former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl has never forgotten the hostility he faced at a European meeting on December 8, 1989. Ten days earlier he had unveiled a 10-point-plan for German reunification and been met with the blatant skepticism of Europe’s leaders. In his memoirs, the former chancellor has described how British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously told the heads of state when they were gathered for dinner: ”We beat the Germans twice, and now they’re back.”

It’s no secret that Thatcher was a bitter opponent of German reunification. But new documents released Thursday by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office show how she insisted that her government resist the historic development. She repeatedly reined back then-Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd and Christopher Mallaby, Britain’s ambassador in Bonn, who wanted to signal his support for reunification on the day the wall came down.

Mallaby wrote to Hurd on that day — November 9, 1989 — saying it was ”in our interests” to respond positively to developments in Germany. But when Hurd visited Berlin a few days later, he dutifully towed Thatcher’s line, saying that reunification was ”not currently on the agenda.”

The 500-page tome of letters and memos released this week date back to between April 1989 and November 1990. They reveal, for example, how then-French President Francois Mitterrand, speaking in a private conversation with his British counterpart, fuelled her mistrust of the Germans. Over lunch in the Elysee Palace on January 20, 1990, Mitterrand warned Thatcher that reunification would result in Germany gaining more European influence than Hitler ever had. His gloomy forecasts included a return of the ”bad” Germans, according to previously secret notes made by Thatcher’s foreign policy adviser, Charles Powell.

By mid-January 1990, Mitterrand had come to terms with the pending reunification, which he viewed as an unstoppable process. However, he still thought it would be prudent for Thatcher to publicly oppose the plan in a bid to wrest concessions from Germany in European agreements.

But Thatcher, for her part, believed up until February 1990 that she would be able to slow the pace of reunification. She felt it was all happening far too quickly and feared that Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev would be destabilized by reunification, a concern borne out by history. She backed a five-year transitional period with two German states and did not share Mitterrand’s optimism that the Germans could be tamed by being incorporated into European institutions. ”The problems will not be overcome by strengthening the EC” she wrote on February 2, 1990, in an internal memo, referring to the predecessor organization of the European Union. ”Germany’s ambitions would then become the dominant and active factor.”

Thatcher

Nu har Angela Merkel gett David Cameron besked att om han håller fast vid sin syn på medborgarnas fria rörlighet inom EU så föredrar hon ett EU utan Storbritannien.